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VA – GP - OA: Numerical Multiphase PTA
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5. General Conclusions
The discretization process in presence of a moving mobility shock is responsible for visible
oscillations on the loglog derivative when analyzing production or injection with multiphase
flow. The origin of these oscillations can be rigorously explained.
During water injection, pseudo relative permeability curves are used to correct this
phenomenon. For black-oil or condensate gas production curves, refining the grid becomes
necessary in order to damp the oscillations. In the case of water injection, the numerical
interpretation of flooded distances and fluid mobilities with fall-off curves has been validated
against analytical models.
During fall-offs or build-ups, almost no oscillation is visible.
Despite these oscillations, the non-linear numerical model provides an efficient way to
interpret many complex multiphase effects, including strong mobility changes, varying GOR
and saturation maps.
6. References
Barker and Thibeau,
A Critical Review of the Use of Pseudo Relative Permeabilities for
Upscaling
, SPE 35491, European 3D Reservoir Modeling Conference, Stavanger, Norway, 1996
Buckley and Leverett,
Mechanism of Fluid Displacement in Sands
, Trans. AIME, 1942
King and Dunayevsky,
Why Waterflood Works: a Linear Stability Analysis
, SPE 19648, SPE
Annual Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, October 1989
Kyte and Berry,
New Pseudo Functions to control Numerical dispersion
, SPE 5105, 1975
Levitan,
Application of Water Injection/Falloff Tests for Reservoir Appraisal: New Analytical
Solution Method for Two-Phase Variable Rate Problems
, SPE 77532, SPE Annual Conference
and Exhibition, San Antonio, September 2002
Marle,
Multiphase flow in Porous Media
, Technip Editions, 1981